Holometabolous Insect Orders: An Overview
Some eighty percent of insects undergo complete metamorphosis (“holometaboly”) to reach adulthood, and this lifecycle can be summarised in four steps: egg –> larva –>
Beekeeping, Biology, & Other Bugs
Some eighty percent of insects undergo complete metamorphosis (“holometaboly”) to reach adulthood, and this lifecycle can be summarised in four steps: egg –> larva –>

In simplified taxonomy, the classification “Order” is preceded by Class (Insecta), Phylum (Arthropoda) and Kingdom (Animalia). This Part One1 deals with the hemimetabolous (or “heterometabolous”)

An insect is a creature with six legs (“hexapod”) and three body parts, belonging to the taxonomic class “Insecta”. “Six legs and three body parts”

Part One covered the micronutrients. Part two deals with the secondary metabolites, those compounds with deterring (or attracting) functions: alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, the inorganic ions,

Nectars are carbohydrates predominantly composed of three sugars: sucrose, glucose and fructose. The non-carbohydrate component is minor and differs by species in terms of amino

Bees & Biology, Entomology-Biology
Did you know that ~20% of males in the solitary bee genus Megachile (“leafcutter bees”) have modified forelegs that serve as pheromone-secreting glands for attracting

Bees & Biology, Entomology-Biology
With the first plants came the first plant-feeding insects, some 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous period. Later emergents were the flowering plants of

Bees are pollinators, and honey bees are the species commonly used as commercial pollinators. Almonds, apples, apricots, asparagus and all the way to zucchini –

Bees & Biology, Entomology-Biology
The superorganism model describes how social insects like bees, ants, wasps and termites behave as single, coordinated parts within a whole (the colony). Each part

Bees & Biology, Entomology-Biology
Reader John asked this in response to bees eating their larvae. From a human perspective, bees are not “vegetarian”. Indeed, diseased and weak young larvae